Najpopularniejszym napojem dającym energetycznego kopa jest kawa. Nie każdy jednak przepada za jej aromatem, a jeśli nawet, to niekiedy przydaje się odskocznia. Jako alternatywy polecane są najczęściej plony południowo-amerykańskich upraw, w postaci guarany lub Yerba Mate. Dzisiaj do listy dopiszemy kolejny krzew z tych rejonów – Ilex guayusa. Jest mniej popularny, ale na pewno nie gorszy 😉
Ziele na energię i redukcję zmęczenia
Ilex Guayusa jest rodzajem ostrokrzewu i jest bliskim krewniakiem popularnej Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis). W jego naparach lubowali się tradycyjnie Indianie plemion Jiwaro z rejonów Ekwadoru i Peru. Jest jednym z tzw. świętych drzew kofeinowych. Pełnił głównie funkcję napoju energetyzującego, podobnie jak w naszej kulturze kawa. Stosowano go zarówno w ramach integracji społecznej, jak i typowo funkcjonalnie, przed wyprawami na polowanie.
Obecnie krzewy Ilex guayusa praktycznie nie są spotykane na dziko, są wyłącznie uprawiane. Uprawy znaleźć można na terenach amazońskich lasów tropikalnych, u podnóży Andów. Po zbiorze liście są suszone, kruszone i przygotowywane do dystrybucji.
Inne nazwy: Huayusa, Wayusa, Runa tea, ostrokrzew gujański.
Składniki Ilex guayusa
Guayusa jest szczególnie obfita w kofeinę. Zawiera jej około 3%, co jest wynikiem lepszym niż w przypadku ziaren kawy i liści Yerby. Jest w niej też teobormina (znanej głównie z kakao) i uspokajająca teanina (wizytówka zielonej herbaty). Poza tym oferuje również kwas chlorogenowy, który jest głównym przedstawicielem występujących w niej kwasów hydroksycynamonowych. Zawiera dużo flawanoli, z których najobfitszym jest kwercetyna-3-O-heksoza. Zidentyfikowano w niej 5 różnych karotenoidów, w tym α i β-karoten, wiolaksantyna, neoksantyna, a najwięcej było luteiny. Ogółem ostrokrzew gujański zawiera sporo antyoksydantów oraz troszkę witamin i minerałów.
Co do kofeiny, to niestety występują duże wahania pomiędzy Guayusa z różnych źródeł, więc wahania w mocy działania mogą się zdarzać. Różnice wynikają z różnych lokacji upraw, czasu zbioru itp.
W sieci gdzieniegdzie natrafić można na wzmianki, że Ilex guayusa jest inhibitorem monoaminooksydazy. Tradycyjnie Indianie stosowali go nawet przed rytuałem Ayahuasca. Doniesienia z badań nie potwierdzają jednak tego faktu i eksperyment na szczurach pokazał, że poprawa symptomów depresyjnych u gryzoni nie była wynikiem inhibicji monoaminoksydazy – nie zauważono zmian w stężeniach ani MAO-A, ani MAO-B.
Porównanie do zwykłej herbaty
Rewelacji tutaj niestety nie będzie, gdyż Ilex Guayusa ma wyraźnie niższą zdolność antyoksydacyjną niż zwykła herbata Camellia sinensis. W komórkowych testach oksydacyjnych Guayusa wykazywała 60-80% mocy herbaty. W poniższej tabeli widać jeszcze głębsze różnice w skali ORAC i w całkowitej zawartości polifenoli.
Niemniej Guayusa nadal jest wartościowym źródłem polifenoli z towarzyszącą temu wysoką zawartością kofeiny.
Ilex guayusa przed snem? Może wywoływać świadome sny
Alternatywnym zastosowaniem naparów Guayusa było rytualne picie przed snem, by wywołać bardziej realistyczne, świadome sny, które uważane były następnie interpretowane i wykorzystywane. Do tej pory amatorzy praktyki lucid dreaming sięgają po Guayusa wieczorową porą, by zwiększyć aktywność mózgu i ułatwić sobie proces osiągnięcia świadomości podczas marzeń sennych.
Napar z Guayusa
Napar do spożycia przyrządzany jest bardzo prosto, tak jak zwykła herbata – 2-4 łyżeczki suszu zalewamy wrzątkiem i czekamy do 5 minut, aż się zaparzy. Alternatywnie można do parzenia użyć trochę chłodniejszej wody (~80 st), co skutkuje słabszym działaniem energetyzującym, ale silniejszą ekstrakcją witamin, minerałów i innych odżywczych składników.
Guayusa ma dużo łagodniejszy smak niż Yerba Mate, która jest intensywna i bardzo specyficzna. Yerba nie każdemu przypada do gustu, natomiast Guayusa ze względu na bardziej neutralny smak, zyskuje więcej pochlebnych opinii. Powodem tego jest mniejsza zawartość tanin niż w Mate. Ciekawym rozwiązaniem jest mieszanie w jednym naczyniu suszu Yerba Mate i Guayusa, co pozwala korzystać z właściwości zdrowotnych obu roślin z łagodniejszym smakiem, ale bez utraty właściwości energetyzujących, a nawet z nieco silniejszym pobudzeniem.
Źródła:
- García-Ruiz A, Baenas N, Benítez-González AM, Stinco CM, Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Moreno DA, Ruales J. Guayusa (Ilex guayusa L.) new tea: phenolic and carotenoid composition and antioxidant capacity. J Sci Food Agric. 2017 Sep;97(12):3929-3936. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.8255. Epub 2017 Mar 9. PMID: 28188617.
- Pardau, M. D., Pereira, A. S. P., Apostolides, Z., Serem, J. C., & Bester, M. J. (2017). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Ilex guayusa tea preparations: a comparison to Camellia sinensis teas. Food & Function, 8(12), 4601–4610. doi:10.1039/c7fo01067b
- García-Ruiz A, Baenas N, Benítez-González AM, Stinco CM, Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Moreno DA, Ruales J. Guayusa (Ilex guayusa L.) new tea: phenolic and carotenoid composition and antioxidant capacity. J Sci Food Agric. 2017 Sep;97(12):3929-3936. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.8255. Epub 2017 Mar 9. PMID: 28188617.
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Bardzo mocne jest to zioło (wg mnie co najmniej 10x mocniejsze od yerba mate). Testując na sobie dużą dawkę w połączeniu z l-teaniną i inozytolem niestety przedawkowałem. Doświadczyłem hipertermii, wyostrzenia zmysłów i poszerzenia percepcji jak po enteogenach oraz lekkich halucynacji słuchowych. Przez ok. 4 godz. musiałem pić dużo wody, chłodzić ciało i skupiać się na nieumieraniu (ogólnie stan przypominający zespół serotoninowy). Innym razem zastosowałem małą dawkę i bardzo się zdziwiłem, bo ponownie zaczęła działać na mnie guarana, którą kilka godzin wcześniej spożyłem i w zasadzie już o niej zapomniałem. Miałem objawy przedawkowania kofeiny. Mój wniosek jest taki, że Ilex Guayusa wchodzi w interakcje z innymi specyfikami, a dawkowanie powinno się zacząć od 1-2 łyżeczek. Ja natomiast już dałem sobie spokój z tą rośliną, bo zbyt wiele razy źle się po niej czułem, ale uważam, że jest warta sprawdzenia. A jakby ktoś mnie zapytał, czy wg mnie może zawierać inhibitor MAO, to bez zastanowienia powiedziałbym, że tak.
Ilex paraguariensis to ostrokrzew paragwajski czyli Yerba Mate, a nie Ilex Guayusa. Ciężko znaleźć konkretne info ile, ale Guayusa jednak iMAO zawiera.